In a medium pot, combine red lentils, 1 tsp salt, and water. Bring to a boil, then simmer uncovered over low heat for ~15 minutes, stirring occasionally, until soft and mushy.
Remove from heat, stir in the burghul, cover, and let sit for 20–25 minutes until the burghul is tender.
In a skillet, heat olive oil and sauté the onion over low heat until very soft (~5 mins).
Stir in cumin, Aleppo pepper, remaining ½ tsp salt, and red pepper flakes (if using).
Add tomato paste and red pepper paste, and cook for 2–3 minutes.
Pour the hot onion mixture into the lentil-burghul mixture, then add lemon juice. Knead everything together until fully combined.
Mix in green onions and parsley.
Dampen your hands and form into small oval patties or walnut-sized balls.
Serve on a bed of romaine or lettuce leaves.